If the owners of a minority owned business are not minority individuals, then how do we define a minority owned business?

The key to your question is to understand that the Bureau has introduced “control” as an alternative to ownership. They define control on page 817 as:

The determination of the “status” (minority-owned, etc.) is solely based on the answer provided by the loan applicant. Those answers should be based on the ownership and/or control of the business. According to 1071 control can be attained by active management of the business. So it’s possible for a situation where there are no minority owners of a business but minority control of the business.